1. Altitudinal Variation

Nepal's elevation ranges from 60 meters to over 8,800 meters within a short horizontal distance, leading to diverse microclimates.

 

2. Monsoon Influence

The South Asian Monsoon brings about 80% of annual rainfall between June and September, crucial for agriculture.

 

3. Western Disturbances

These are weather systems originating in the Mediterranean that bring winter rain and snow to western Nepal, affecting winter crops.

 

4. Global Climate Phenomena

El Niño and La Niña: These phenomena influence monsoon patterns, leading to droughts or excessive rainfall.

 

Climate Change: Rising temperatures have led to glacial melt, altered precipitation patterns, and increased frequency of extreme weather events.

 

5. Topographical Features

The Himalayas act as a barrier, influencing wind patterns and precipitation distribution across the country.